Oxford Duplication Centre offer a professional bulk and short-order document scanning facility for corporate, heritage and consumer clients. Converting all paper and animal hide media into National Archive Standard output formats, including PDF, PDF/OCR, TIFF and JPEG options.
https://oxfordduplicationcentre.com/document-collections.html
The rate and severity of deterioration result from internal and external factors: most importantly, the composition of the paper and the conditions under which the paper is stored.
Paper is made of cellulose -- a repeating chain of glucose molecules -- derived from plant cell walls. In the presence of moisture, acids from the environment (e.g., air pollution, poor-quality enclosures), or from within the paper repeatedly cut the glucose chains into shorter lengths. This acid hydrolysis reaction produces more acids, feeding further, continued degradation.
Typical causes are as follows:
1. Degradation causes biological growths i.e., molds and fungi, growing and deteriorating the paper. Fungi causes white patches, turning green or brown in colour. These can be harmful to breath in, so specialist equipment is used.
2. Excessive heat causing over drying. Document types including parchments, selective papers and often adhesives can deteriorate rapidly under high temperature changes.
3. Insects, particularly silverfish, moths and lice are typically caused by poor ventilation allowing infestation.
4. Light, causing bleaching of papers caused by ultraviolet rays or fluorescent light, causing fading of papers and inks.
5. Acids form by the absorption of pollutants -- mainly sulphur and nitrogen oxides. Book leaves that are browner and brittle along the edges than in the centre clearly illustrate this absorption of pollutants from the air.
Photodegradation appears to progress more severely and rapidly in poorer quality papers.
Before the mid-19th century, western paper was made from cotton and linen clothing rags and by a process that largely preserved the long fibres of the raw material. While fibres may shorten with age, rag papers tend to remain strong and durable, especially if they have been stored properly in conditions not overly warm or humid.
Starting in the mid-19th century, wood replaced rags as the raw material for paper manufacture. Wood is processed into paper by mechanical or chemical pulping, which produces paper with shorter (compared with rag paper) fibres.
Mechanical pulping produces paper with the shortest fibre length and does not remove lignin from the wood, which promotes acid hydrolysis. Newspapers are printed on mechanically pulped paper. Chemical pulping removes lignin and does not cut up the cellulose chains as thoroughly as mechanical pulping, yielding a comparatively stronger paper, but which is still not as durable as rag paper.
Wood pulp paper from before the 1980s also tends to be acidic from alum-rosin sizing (added to the paper to reduce absorbency and minimize bleeding of inks), which, in the presence of moisture, generates sulfuric acid.
Regardless of the medium, our professional archive scanning solutions can support all document types – from 1400’s to present times.
Our studio provides a complete document scanning solution, using the professional conversion equipment from Contex, Canon and Bookeye. We digitise to The National Archive Standards, recognised around the world for the preservation of all media.
At Oxford Duplication Centre, our document scanning services include:
· Short Order and Bulk Document Scanning
· Laboratory Books and Files
· Plans, Engineer Drawings and Large Format Scanning
· Microfilm, Aperture Cards and Microfiche
· Non-Destructive and Destructive Book Scanning
· Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Image Conversion
Key Benefits of Using Our Services:
Document scanning offers on-line flexibility, reducing storage space, controlling your costs and archive security. Whilst paper documents can deteriorate, once digitised, your archives can be accessed repeatedly, using OCR searchable options, allowing you to locate and search in detail.
Searchable options include:
- Searchable by text. Secure digital storage
How We Process at Oxford Duplication Centre
Our document scanning department allows us to convert all formats of paper documents, from standard A4 bulk scanning to more complex archive records, including Student Records, Laboratory Books, Engineer Records to Parchments of hundreds of years old. Our equipment and professional staff have the capacity to convert all types of paper based, animal hide based media into high quality digital files, to include PDF, PDF with OCR, TIFF, JPEG and many other formats if required.
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